====== Differential Diagnosis of Anticholinergic Toxidrome ======

There are a number of frequently taken drugs that commonly cause the [[:wikitox:3.2.1.3_toxidromes|anticholinergic syndrome]].

The most common (in Australia) are:

  * [[:wikitox:2.1.11.4.2_antihistamines|Antihistamines]]
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.11.4.1_anticholinergics|Anticholinergic drugs]] including
      * atropine
      * benztropine
      * benzhexol (trihexyphenidyl)
      * procyclidine
      * orphenadrine
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.11.9.2.1_tricyclic_antidepressants|Tricyclic antidepressants]] (TCAs)
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.11.9.3_antipsychotics|Neuroleptics]] (in particular thioridazine and chlorpromazine)
  * [[:wikitox:3.4.2.3_carbamazepine|Carbamazepine]]
  *  [[:wikitox:2.3.4.6_neurotoxic_plants|Anticholinergic plants]]
      * //Datura (Brugmansia) stramonium//  (Angel's trumpet)
      * //Atropa belladonna//  (Deadly Nightshade)
Features that help to differentiate between these drugs are:

  * [[:wikitox:level_of_consciousness|LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS]]
  * [[:wikitox:pupil_size_and_reaction|PUPIL SIZE and REACTION]]
  * [[:wikitox:myoclonic_jerking_or_hyperreflexia|MYOCLONIC JERKING, SEIZURES or HYPERREFLEXIA]]
  * [[:wikitox:nystagmus|NYSTAGMUS]]
  * [[:wikitox:heart_rates|HEART RATE]]
  * [[:wikitox:bowel_sounds|BOWEL SOUNDS]]
  * [[:wikitox:ecg_changes|ECG CHANGES]]
  * [[:wikitox:3.3.1.1.1_physostigmine|RESPONSE TO ANTAGONISTS]]
  * [[:wikitox:blood_concentrations|BLOOD CONCENTRATIONS]]