WikiTox

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====== Bradyarrhythmias ======

**The most common drugs ingested which prolong QRS and QT intervals and cause bradyarrhythmias are:**

   * [[:wikitox:2.1.6.1.1_calcium_channel_blockers|Calcium channel blockers]] (particularly verapamil and diltiazem)
  * [[:wikitox:3.4.3.4.2_beta_blockers|Beta blockers]] (particularly propranolol * and sotalol *) #
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.6.1.2_cardiac_glycosides|Digoxin]] #
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.11.9.2.1_tricyclic_antidepressants|Tricyclic antidepressants]] # *
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.11.9.3_antipsychotics|Antipsychotic drugs]] (particularly thioridazine) # *
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.11.2_anticonvulsants|Anticonvulsants]] (particularly carbamazepine and phenytoin) # *
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.1.3_opioids|Dextropropoxyphene]] *
  * [[:wikitox:antimalarial_drugs|Antimalarial drugs]] (chloroquine, quinine) # *
  * [[:wikitox:3.4.3.4_antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic drugs]] # *
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.11.4.1_anticholinergics|Orphenadrine]] # *
  * [[:wikitox:2.1.11.9.4_mood_stabilizers|Lithium]] # *

# These drugs may also cause tachyarrhythmias \\ * These drugs are often referred to as having ' [[:wikitox:quinidine_like_effects|quinidine-like' effects]], 'membrane-stabilising' properties or 'nonspecific toxicity'.

**Features that help to differentiate between these drugs are:**

  * [[:wikitox:type_of_arrhythmia|TYPE OF ARRHYTHMIA]]
  * [[:wikitox:level_of_consciousness_prior_to_arrhythmia|LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS PRIOR TO ARRHYTHMIA]]
  * [[:wikitox:seizures|SEIZURES]]
  * [[:wikitox:heart_rate_prior_to_arrhythmia|HEART RATE PRIOR TO ARRHYTHMIA]]
  * [[:wikitox:type_of_arrhythmia|ECG CHANGES]] PRIOR TO ARRHYTHMIA
  * [[:wikitox:pupil_size_and_reaction|PUPIL SIZE & REACTION]]
  * [[:wikitox:response_to_antagonists|RESPONSE TO ANTAGONISTS]]
  * [[:wikitox:electrolytes_and_blood_glucose|ELECTROLYTES/BLOOD GLUCOSE]]
  * [[:wikitox:drug_concentrations|DRUG CONCENTRATIONS]]

It is important to try to make the correct diagnosis, as there are often specific treatments available.